Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) - What it is

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of your urinary system, which includes kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra.

Recurrent UTIs refer to:

More than 2 infections in last six months OR
More than 3 infections in one year

It is more common among women, even among young, healthy women.

Why do recurrent UTIs occur?

There are many possible causes that might predispose an individual to developing recurrent UTIs. These include:

Behavioural risk factors:

Spermicide use during the past year
Having a new sex partner during the past year
Having a first urinary tract infection (UTI) at or before 15 years of age
Having a mother with a history of UTIs

Urological factors:

Urinary incontinence
Presence of a cystocele (a condition in which supportive tissues around the bladder and vaginal wall weaken and stretch, allowing the bladder and vaginal wall to fall into the vaginal canal.)
Post-voiding residual urine (urine left in your bladder after passing urine)

Medical and hormonal factors:

Atrophic vaginitis due to oestrogen deficiency
Diabetes mellitus
Kidney, ureteric and bladder stones
Stroke
Spinal cord injury

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) - Symptoms

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) - How to prevent?

Adequate fluid intake (target of 2-3L daily)
Contraception modification. An alternate method of contraception that does not include a spermicide-containing product should be considere
Postcoital voiding
Perineal hygiene
Avoid douching and wearing occlusive underwear
Topical oestrogen for postmenopausal women. Topical oestrogen normalises the vaginal flora, thereby reducing risk of UTI. Side effects of vaginal oestrogen are usually mild, which include vaginal bleeding, discharge, and discomfort.
Lactobacillus probiotics may facilitate vaginal flora restoration, which helps preventing UTIs
Cranberry products has possible but limited benefits
Continuous or post-coital antibiotics are used when other measures have failed.

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) - Causes and Risk Factors

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) - Diagnosis

Urine sample to test for UTI-causing bacteria
In patients >40 years or have other risk factors, imaging such as US, CT/MRI or cystoscopy may be required for further evaluation

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) - Treatments

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) - Preparing for surgery

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) - Post-surgery care

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) - Other Information

Overview

Urology

Article contributed by Urology, Singapore General Hospital

The information provided is not intended as medical advice. Terms of use. Information provided by SingHealth

TOP

Discover articles,videos, and guides afrom Singhealth's resources across the web. These information are collated, making healthy living much easier for everyone.