Department of Neurology NNI @ TTSH Campus The Department of Neurology is a national referral centre for patients with neurological illness. It also focuses on clinical research and teaching. The department is organised into the following subspeciality programmes:   Epilepsy Epilepsy is a common problem affecting 0.5 - 1% of the world's population. Though 60 - 70% of patients with epilepsy will respond to medication, 20 - 30% will still have seizures despite multiple types of medication. Some of these patients with difficult-to-treat epilepsy may have subtle abnormalities in the structure of their brain, causing them to have seizures. These patients may be candidates for epilepsy surgery. Others may have unusual or unrecognised epilepsy syndromes that may not respond to conventional treatment. NNI has dedicated Epilepsy Clinics staffed by neurologists with a primary interest in epilepsy. We provide services to evaluate uncomplicated cases of epilepsy, as well as patients with more complex problems. Counselling by a nurse clinician is also available. As part of routine evaluation of epilepsy, we provide electroencephalogram (EEG) services. MRI brain scans are done using our 3 tesla MRI machine with dedicated epilepsy protocols and interpreted by a neuroradiologist experienced in epilepsy neuroimaging. For the complex patients who are being evaluated for epilepsy surgery, we provide inpatient video EEG monitoring. All potential surgical candidates are discussed at our regular Epilepsy Patient Management Conferences, which are multi-disciplinary meetings staffed by neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, neuropsychologists and social workers. Complex non-surgical epilepsy cases are also discussed at these meetings.   Headache Headache is one of the most common complaints by patients seeking a neurological consultation. Headaches can be primary (tension type headaches, migraines, cluster headaches etc) or secondary (due to brain tumors, infections etc). Migraine headaches, a more severe primary headache disorder, afflict up to 10% of the population. The Headache Programme provides a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of various headache disorders. We have outpatient headache clinics where most of the patients are seen and managed. We also offer an inpatient headache programme for more intractable headache patients needing more intensive therapy where a multi-modality approach involving physiotherapy, occupational therapy and psychology is utilised. The Headache Programme is committed to research into the various headache disorders and the use of new and innovative treatments, e.g. botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of various headache disorders are part of this commitment.   Neuromuscular Disorders The subspecialty of neuromuscular disorders has evolved to evaluate various disorders focusing at peripheral nervous system. This may include diseases such as motor neuron disorders, radiculopathy, peripheral neuropathy, neuromuscular junction disorders and myopathy. The neuromuscular clinics at NNI (at TTSH & SGH) provide a specialised outpatient consultation service for the diagnosis and management of various disorders. The clinic is aided by the neurodiagnostic laboratory for the electrodiagnosis. The neuropathology, neuroimmunology and molecular genetics programs provide the comprehensive support services.   Paediatric Neurology Our Paediatric Neurology Programme covers general paediatric neurology with special interest in learning disorders and seizure disorders.   Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders NNI has a comprehensive Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Programme at both TTSH and SGH. The programme emphasises the provision of excellent comprehensive clinical services coupled with strong research initiatives. Since 2006, through a unique partnership between NNI and two major hospitals in Singapore: Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) and Singapore General Hospital (SG), our Centre was designed as a NPF Center of Excellence. This is a designation awarded by the National Parkinson Foundation (http://www.parkinson.org) to healthcare institutions that excel in Parkinson-related comprehensive care, research and community outreach programmes. We are proud to be one of the 11 International NPF Centers of Excellence outside the United States, and the only NPF Center of Excellence in Asia. Click here to learn more about the Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Center & the community outreach programmes. Sleep Disorders The NNI Sleep Disorder Clinic manages patients with excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, snoring, abnormal limb movements and abnormal motor activity during sleep. It treats disorders such as narcolepsy, periodic limb movement disorder and obstructive sleep apnea, and provides the following services:   Polysomnography (Sleep Study)   Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)   Stroke The Stroke Programme is currently the largest and most comprehensive patient-based clinical programme within the Institute. Patients under this programme are managed by a highly skilled multidisciplinary Stroke Team, comprising doctors, nurses, therapists, dieticians, medical social workers and stroke nurses. The team works with the patient and family to enhance recovery with individualised rehabilitation programmes, as well as plans for home care. Caregivers are taught not only how to manage the patient at home, but are advised on which community resources to contact that are best able to meet the patient's needs. After discharge, stroke patients are usually managed conjointly with their family physicians.   Neuro-rehabilitation Unit The Neuro-rehabilitation Unit is led by specialist rehabilitation medicine physicians from the Tan Tock Seng Hospital Department of Rehabilitation Medicine. It is staffed with physio, occupational and speech therapists, social workers, psychologists, dieticians, pharmacists and specially trained nurse clinicians. This unit provides comprehensive inpatient neuro-rehabilitation facilities for patients with various disabling neurological disorders like stroke and head injury.   Neurodiagnostic Services    Transcranial & Carotid Ultrasounds    Electroencephalograms (EEG)    Electromyograms (EMG) and Nerve conduction tests    Evoked potentials (EP)    Intra-Operative Monitoring    Autonomic function testing Department of Neurology NNI @ TTSH Campus Staff Members Sub-Specialty Head & Senior Consultant Dr LEE Kim En MBBS, MRCP (UK), FRCP (Edin) Neuro-Intensive Care, Stroke Senior Consultant Prof LEE Wei Ling MBBS (Hons), M Med (Paeds), MRCP (Paeds) (UK), FRCP (Edin), ABCN (USA) Paediatric Neurology, Epilepsy, Learning Disorders A/Prof Helen TJIA Tjoei Lian MBBS, M Med (Int Med) (Singapore), FAMS (Neurology), FRCP (Edin) General Neurology Dr CHUA Hoe Chin MBBS, MRCP (UK), FAMS (Neurology) Neuro-Intensive Care and Intra-operative Monitoring Dr LEE Sze Haur MBBS, M Med (Int Med), FAMS (Neurology) Stroke, General Neurology Dr LOH Ngai Kun MBBS, MRCP (UK), M Med (Int Med) (Singapore), FRCP (Ire), FAMS (Neurology) Epilepsy, Sleep Disorders Dr Louis TAN Chew Seng MBBS, MRCP (UK), FAMS, FRCP (Edin) Parkinson’s Disease & Movement Disorders Dr T UMAPATHI MBBS, MRCP (UK), FAMS, FRCP (Edin) Neuromuscular & Autonomic Disorders Dr Kamal K. VERMA MBBS (Bhopal), Dip ABPN Clinical Neurophysiology, Neuromuscular Disease Consultant Dr AU Wing Lok MBBS, MRCP (UK), FAMS (Neurology) Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Dr Josiah CHAI Yui Huei MBBS, MRCP (UK), FAMS (Neurology) EMG, Neuromuscular Diseases and Muscle Histopathology Dr Robert Ngo GAN MD (Phil), Dip. ABPN Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease Dr Rajinder SINGH MBBS, MRCP (UK)(Glasglow) , M Med (Int Med) Stroke & Cerebrovascular Disease and General Neurology Dr Nigel TAN Choon Kiat MBBS, MRCP (UK), FAMS (Neurology) Epilepsy Associate Consultant Dr Daniel OH Chia Theng MBBS, MRCP (UK) Advanced Specialty Training Dr Kevin TAN BMBS (Nottingham), MRCP (UK)  Advanced Specialty Training Registrar Dr Nagaendran KANDIAH MBBS (Deemed - Kasturba), MRCP (UK)  Advanced Specialty Training Dr SIM Siew Hung Rachel MD, MRCP (UK) Advanced Specialty Training Dr Sheila SRINIVASAN MBBS, MRCP (UK) Advanced Specialty Training Dr TAY Kay Yaw MBBS (Malaya), MRCP (UK) Advanced Specialty Training